by
[baɪ]preposition
| 1. | [indicating cause, agent]
por
caused/written by causado/escrito por a book by Joyce un libro de Joyce |
| 2. | [indicating means, method, manner]
to travel by bus/train/plane/ship viajar en autobús/tren/avión/barco to pay by cheque pagar con cheque to take somebody by the hand coger a alguien de la mano by candlelight a la luz de las velas he got rich by buying land se hizo rico comprando terrenos by nature por naturaleza by profession/trade de profesión/oficio |
| 3. | [beside, close to]
junto a
by the sea junto al mar |
| 4. | [past]
por delante de
to walk by somebody/something pasear por delante de alguien/algo we drove by the castle pasamos por el castillo (conduciendo) |
| 5. | [via, through]
por
we entered by the back door entramos por la puerta trasera |
| 6. | [with time - at or before, during]
para
I'll be there by eight estaré allí para las ocho by 1916 it was all over en 1916 ya todo estaba decidido by now ya by day/night por el día/la noche, de día/noche |
| 7. | [according to]
según
by law/my standards según la ley/mis criterios |
| 8. | [in division]
entre
[in multiplication, measurements] por to divide 20 by 2 dividir 20 entre 2 to multiply 20 by 2 multiplicar 20 por 2 twelve feet by ten doce pies por diez |
| 9. | [in quantities, amounts]
por
by the thousand or thousands por miles by the metre por metros by the day/hour por día/horas prices were cut by 50% los precios fueron rebajados (en) un 50% |
| 10. | [indicating gradual change]
day by day día a día one by one uno a uno |
| 11. | [to explain a word or expression]
con, por
what do you mean by `all right'? ¿qué quieres decir con `bien'? what do you understand by the word `subsidiarity'? ¿qué entiendes por `subsidiariedad'? |
| (all) by oneself
solo ( f
sola)
did you do it all by yourself? ¿lo hiciste tú solo? |
